1.镜像源配置
一般情况下,修改/etc/apt/sources.list文件,将默认源地址改成新的地址即可。
可以用leafpad打开,在终端中键入:
leafpad /etc/apt/sources.list
另,比如要将 http://deb.debian.org 改成 https://mirrors.xxx.com
在Linux中可使用以下命令:
sed-i "s@http://deb.debian.org@https://mirrors.xxx.com@g"/etc/apt/sources.list
若要使用https源,则需要执行
apt-get install apt-transport-https
再执行
apt-get update
以更新索引
2.常用镜像站
Debian 9 Stretch镜像源
163镜像站
deb mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib deb mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib deb mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib deb-src mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch main non-free contrib deb-src mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib deb-src mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-backports main non-free contrib deb mirrors.163.com/debian- stretch/updates main non-free contrib deb-src mirrors.163.com/debian- stretch/updates main non-free contrib
中科大镜像站
deb mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deb stretch main contrib non-free deb-src mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deb stretch main contrib non-free deb mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deb stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb-src mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deb stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deb stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb-src mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deb stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deb stretch/updates main contrib non-free deb-src mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deb stretch/updates main contrib non-free
阿里云镜像站
deb mirrors.aliyun.com/debi stretch main non-free contrib deb-src mirrors.aliyun.com/debi stretch main non-free contrib deb mirrors.aliyun.com/debi stretch/updates main deb-src mirrors.aliyun.com/debi stretch/updates main deb mirrors.aliyun.com/debi stretch-updates main non-free contrib deb-src mirrors.aliyun.com/debi stretch-updates main non-free contrib deb mirrors.aliyun.com/debi stretch-backports main non-free contrib deb-src mirrors.aliyun.com/debi stretch-backports main non-free contrib
华为镜像站
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free
清华大学镜像站
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free
上海交大镜像站
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free
Debian9 stretch 系统自带官方源
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb http://security.debian.org stretch/updates main contrib non-free
附:Debian官方全球镜像站列表地址
3.软件的安装与更新
一般的一次整体更新软件需要以下几步:
apt-get update #更新源
apt-get upgrade #更新已经安装的软件包
apt-get dist-upgrade #升级系统
apt-get clean #清除
几种常用的操作:
删除下载的软件包
apt-get clean #清除 /var/cache/apt/archives目录
安装本地软件包
dpkg -i package_name.deb #安装本地软件包,不解决依赖关系
移除本地软件包
dpkg -r package #删除软件包
dpkg -P #删除软件包及配置文件
修复安装
apt-get -f install#修复安装
检测是否有已损坏的依赖
apt-get check#检测是否有已损依赖